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Bibliography
- Ontario Medical Association (1998) OMA Ground Level Ozone Position Paper,
http://www.oma.org/phealth/ground.htm
- Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (2001) Reducing Smog,
http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/epb/ccme/smog.html
- Toronto Atmospheric Fund (2002) Toronto Atmospheric Fund 10th Anniversary Report,
http://www.toronto.ca/taf/index.htm
- The City of Toronto (1998) Smog: Make it or Break it,
http://www.toronto.ca/healthycity/smog_report.htm
- Ontario Power Generation (2002) Environment and Community, Emissions: Air Pollution,
http://www.opg.com/envComm/E_emissions_air.asp
- Toronto Public Health (2000) Toronto's Air: Let's Make it Healthy, Health Promotion and Environmental Protection Office,
http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/pdf/airquality.pdf
- www.cleanairalliance.org
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment (1999) Air Quality in Ontario in 1999.
http://www.airqualityontario.com/press/publications.cfm
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment (1999) Air Quality in Ontario in 1999.
http://www.airqualityontario.com/press/publications.cfm
- The City of Toronto (1998) Smog: Make it or Break it,
http://www.toronto.ca/healthycity/smog_report.htm
- The City of Toronto (1998) Smog: Make it or Break it,
http://www.toronto.ca/healthycity/smog_report.htm
- Toronto Public Health (2000) Toronto's Air: Let's Make it Healthy, Health Promotion and Environmental Protection Office,
http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/pdf/airquality.pdf
- David Suzuki Foundation. 1998. Taking our Breath Away: The Health Effects of Air Pollution and Climate Change.
- David Suzuki Foundation (2002)
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/
- Environment News Service (2002) Air Pollution Constricts Healthy Blood Vessels,
http://ens-news.com/
- The City of Toronto (2002) Health and Smog,
http://www.toronto.ca/health/smog/
- Toronto Public Health (2000) Toronto's Air: Let's Make it Healthy, Health Promotion and Environmental Protection Office,
http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/
- McConnell R. et. Al. (1999) Air Pollution and Bronchitic Symptoms in Southern California Children with Asthma, in Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 107, Number 9, September 1999, http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/107p757-760mcconnell/abstract.html
Abstract: The association of air pollution with the prevalence of chronic lower respiratory tract symptoms among children with a history of asthma or related symptoms was examined in a cross-sectional study. Parents of a total of 3,676 fourth, seventh, and tenth graders from classrooms in 12 communities in Southern California completed questionnaires that characterized the children's histories of respiratory illness and associated risk factors. The prevalences of bronchitis, chronic phlegm, and chronic cough were investigated among children with a history of asthma, wheeze without diagnosed asthma, and neither wheeze nor asthma. Average ambient annual exposure to ozone, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5; 10 µm and <2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, respectively), acid vapor, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated from monitoring stations in each community. Positive associations between air pollution and bronchitis and phlegm were observed only among children with asthma. As PM10 increased across communities, there was a corresponding increase in the risk per interquartile range of bronchitis [odds ratio (OR) 1.4/19 µg/m3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-1.8). Increased prevalence of phlegm was significantly associated with increasing exposure to all ambient pollutants except ozone. The strongest association was for NO2, based on relative risk per interquartile range in the 12 communities (OR 2.7/24 ppb; CI, 1.4-5.3). The results suggest that children with a prior diagnosis of asthma are more likely to develop persistent lower respiratory tract symptoms when exposed to air pollution in Southern California.
- David Suzuki Foundation (1998) Taking our Breath Away: the Health Effects of Air pollution and Climate Change,
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/files/healthFULL.pdf
- Toronto Public Health (2000) Toronto's Air: Let's Make it Healthy, Health Promotion and Environmental Protection Office,
http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/pdf/airquality.pdf
- Toronto Public Health (2000) Air Pollution Burden of Illness in Toronto - Summary Report
http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/
- Toronto Public Health (2000) Toronto's Air: Let's Make it Healthy, Health Promotion and Environmental Protection Office,
http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/
- R.T. Burnett et al., "The effects of the Urban Ambient Air pollution Mix on Daily Mortality Rate in 11Canadian Cities," Canadian Journal of Public Health, vol.89 no3 (May-June 1998). Article Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the risk of premature mortality due to the urban ambient air pollution mix in Canada. METHODS: The number of daily deaths for non-accidental causes were obtained in 11 cities from 1980 to 1991 and linked to concentrations of ambient gaseous air pollutants using relative risk regression models for longitudinal count data. RESULTS: Nitrogen dioxide had the largest effect on mortality with a 4.1% increased risk (p < 0.01), followed by ozone at 1.8% (p < 0.01), sulphur dioxide at 1.4% (p < 0.01), and carbon monoxide at 0.9% (p = 0.04) in multiple pollutant regression models. A 0.4% reduction in premature mortality was attributed to achieving a sulphur content of gasoline of 30 ppm in five Canadian cities, a risk reduction 12 times greater than previously reported. CONCLUSIONS: Ambient air pollution generated from the burning of fossil fuels is a risk factor for premature mortality in 11 Canadian cities.
- Ontario Medical Association (2000) The Illness Costs of Air Pollution in Ontario,
http://www.oma.org/phealth/report/techrep.pdf
- Ontario Medical Association (2000) The Illness Costs of Air Pollution in Ontario,
http://www.oma.org/phealth/report/techrep.pdf
- "Smog Spells Invisible Damage for Crops," Environmental News Network. June 27, 2000.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/06/27/smog.crops.enn/
- "Smog Spells Invisible Damage for Crops," Environmental News Network. June 27, 2000.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/06/27/smog.crops.enn/
- Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (2001) Reducing Smog,
http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/epb/ccme/smog.html
- Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (2001) Reducing Smog,
http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/epb/ccme/smog.html
- Environment Canada (2000) Climate Change, Overview,
http://www.ec.gc.ca/climate/overview_affect-e.html
- David Suzuki Foundation (2002) Climate Change Science, A Changing Climate,
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/
- Environment Canada (2002) Think Climate Change: Climate Change Across the Country,
http://www.climatechange.gc.ca/
- David Suzuki Foundation, A Changing Climate,
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/Climate_Change/
- Greenpeace, Arctic Meltdown,
www.greenpeace.org
- United Nations Framework Convention (2002) The Convention and Kyoto Protocol,
http://unfccc.int/resource/convkp.html
- Prime Minister of Canada (2001) Welcome to Canada's Future, The Kyoto Protocol Agreement,
http://pm.gc.ca/
- Tellus Institute (2002) The Bottom Line on Kyoto: Economic Benefits of Canadian Action: April 2002,
http://www.davidsuzuki.org/Climate_Change/Economics/
- Environment Canada (2001) Canada's Greenhouse Gas Inventory: 1990 -1999, Emission and Removal Estimation Practices and Methods,
http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/ghg/
- Government of Ontario (2002) Ontario's Drive Clean,
http://www.driveclean.com/
- City of Toronto (2002) Idling Control By-law,
http://www.toronto.ca/row/idling.htm
- Toronto Public Health (2000) Toronto's Air: Let's Make it Healthy, Health Promotion and Environmental Protection Office,
http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment (2002) Air Quality Ontario.
http://www.airqualityontario.com/index.cfm
- Toronto Public Health (2000) Toronto's Air: Let's Make it Healthy, Health Promotion and Environmental Protection Office,
http://www.toronto.ca/health/hphe/
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